God speaks to each of us as he makes us,
then walks with us silently out of the night.
These are the words we dimly hear:
You, sent out beyond your recall,
go to the limits of your longing. …

— Rilke

You, the great homesickness I could never shake off …

— Rilke

I know I promised a follow-up to my post about Lev Grossman’s book The Magicians.  I had a lot of thoughts for a follow-up, but then I picked up Grossman’s sequel, The Magician King, and I was lost.

(Warning: while I will not give the whole book away, there may be some spoilers in what follows.)

Quentin and the Hero’s Quest

The Magician King is a worthy sequel to The Magicians.  In it, the protagonist, Quentin, finally learns the lesson that he did not learn in the first book: that the sense of meaning that he longs for is not to be found in magic or in other magical worlds, but in an inner transformation for himself.   At the end of the book, Quentin is standing literally on the precipice of yet another (even more) magical world, when he realizes the truth of the statement made by Ember, the god of the magical world of Fillory: the hero is not the one who wins the prize; the hero is the one who “pays the price”.

The scene reminded me of the trailer for the just-released Iron Man 3 movie, in which the Mandadrin tells Tony Stark: “I’m going to give you a choice: Do you want an empty life, or a meaningful death?”  Being the hero means dying.  (This may be a literal or symbolic death, and the hero may return, but he must first die.)  As Hemingway said: If the hero has not died, the author just has not finished the story.  (For more on Quentin and his quest for meaning, see my previous post on The Magicians.)

Julia’s Story

But The Magician King is at least as much about Julia, as it is about Quentin, and its Julia that I want to focus on.  Julia is a character that only makes three appearances in the first book: first as Quentin’s teenage friend and unrequited love, second as a tortured emo-type begging Quentin for the magic he has, and finally as a mysterious and powerful “hedge witch” (a magician who has gained magic power outside the official structure of magic training academies like Brakebills).  The Magician King shifts back and forth between the main drama of Quentin and Julia’s quest to save Fillory and flashbacks to Julia’s past, where Grossman fills in the gaps between the three appearances she makes in The Magicians.

Julia is a different character than Quentin.  While both are geniuses, Julia is much more the rationalist than the romantic Quentin.  She excels at math and science and she prefers to know things than feel things.  She is a sensing-thinking type on the Myers-Briggs scale.  Julia, it turns out, was denied admission to Brakebills, the magical academy that Quentin attended.  She gives up college, family, and any hope of a normal life as she sets out to find her own magic.  Eventually, she discovers an underground magical community on her own.  She quickly rises to the top of the community, gathering spells or “levels”.

The creme de la creme, she discovers, is a handful of Mensa-type geniuses like herself who live in villa in Provence calling themselves “Free Trader Beowulf” (an allusion to the Traveller role playing game of the 80s).  When the group maxes out on the available magical knowledge (250 “levels”) and works out all the possible permutations, they then try to take their power to the next level — the level of the gods.  And here, in the last quarter of the book, is where Grossman enters territory that will seem very familiar to the contemporary Pagan polytheist.

Julia and the Quest for Healing

Julia and her new friends theorize that the gods and monsters of the world’s mythology must be beings who were once magicians but who took a quantum leap in their knowledge and power, and that divine power is just another form of magical technology.  So they set about to find one god in particular, a goddess related to Diana, Cybele, Isis, and the Black Madonna of Chartres.  They call her “Our Lady Underground” or “O.L.U.”  (Only a group as pedantic as the Free Traders would give a goddess an acronym for a name.)  Pagans will recognize O.L.U. as the archetypal Mother Earth Goddess.

What I found most interesting, however, was how this group of super-intellectual, left-brained, atheistic, hedonistic, and power-seeking magicians, whose “intellectual gag reflex” is triggered by even the mention of religion, gradually becomes transformed by their search for Our Lady Underground.  They first set out to “strip away all the reverence and the awe and the art” from their subject, and approach it coldly, intending to “study gods the way an entomologist studies insects”.   In spite of this, the nature of their goal slowly transforms the Free Traders:

“A new atmosphere had settled over the house at Murs.  It had always been a basic tenant thee that luxury and comfort were integral parts of the magical lifestyle.  Not just for its own sake, but as a matter of principle.  As magicians–Murs magicians!–they were the secret aristocracy of the world, and Goddamn it, they were going to live like it.

“Now that was changing.  Nobody said anything.  And certainly no edicts came down from Pouncy [the group’s leader], but the atmosphere became more spartan.  The serious nature of their investigation was cooling and tempering their collective mood.  Less wine came out with dinner, and sometimes none at all.  The food became plainer.  Conversations were conducted in hushed tones as they would be in the halls of a monastery.  And an attitude of seriousness and austerity was taking root among them.  Julia suspected some of the others of fasting.  From a high energy magical research center, Murs was turning into something more like a religious retreat.”

One night Julia has a powerful dream of O.L.U.:

“She came in the form of a statue of herself.  The one from the crypt at Chartres, stiff and cold.  The statute gave Julia a wooden cup.  Sitting up, Julia lifted it to her lips and drank like a ferverish child being given medicine in bed.  The liquid was cool and sweet, and she thought of the Donne poem about the thirsty Earth.  Then she lowered the cup, and the goddess leaned down and kissed her, with her hard, gilded icon’s face.

“Then the statute broke apart, its outside crumbling like an eggshell, and from inside it stepped the true goddess, clear at last.  She was grave and unbearably lovely, and she held her attributes in either hand: a gnarled olive staff in her right, a birds nest with three  eggs in it in her left.  Half of her face was in shadow, for the half of the year she spent underground.  Her eyes were full of love and forgiveness.

“‘You are my daughter,’ she said, ‘my true daughter. …’”

That same night, Pouncy finds himself actually praying, with spectacular results.

It is not initially clear what magic represents for Julia.  For Quentin, magic represented meaning.  But it seems to mean something else to Julia.  Julia had been broken by her discovery of magic and her subsequent denial of access to it.  This wounding sends her on a quest for magical power through the the magical underground.  She intends to take, by sheer force of will, what had been denied to her.  But, like Quentin, she is never satisfied.  The search consumes her, and she cuts all ties with family and friends.  Her behavior resembles that of an addict, and it takes its tole on her body and her mind.

Eventually though, she finds a home with the Free Traders.  Like her, the Free Traders are all wounded individuals.  (Something common among the Brakebills alumni actually.)  One condition for entrance into the Free Traders is that one be clinically depressed or disturbed, a condition which one must prove by producing one’s prescriptions.  One day, just before the group invokes Our Lady, Pouncy admits to Julia that what he hopes to gain from O.L.U. is not power, but healing: “I want her take me home with her,” he says.  As it turns out, Julia desires the same thing.

Longing and Grace

In the end, I think the Grossman’s Magicians series is about longing, a longing that I think is very common, perhaps universal.  It is a longing that we sometime project outward and experience as a sense that there is something “wrong” with the world.  It is a longing which the both Quentin and Julia seek to satisfy with profane magic, only to discover that this kind of magic does not fill the hole in their soul.

This longing is, I think, a longing for William James’ “more” — more life — what C.S. Lewis calls “that other larger, stronger, quieter life” (Mere Christianity).  “Not God, but life,” writes James Leuba, “more life, a larger, richer, more satisfying life, is, in the last analysis, the end of religion.  The love of life, at any and every level of development, is the religious impulse.”  (The Monist, vol. 11, p. 572, quoted in William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience).  D.H. Lawrence describes this “one underlying religious idea” thusly:

“the conception of the vitality of the cosmos, the myriad vitalities in wild confusion, which still is held in some sort of array : and man, amid all the glowing welter, adventuring, struggling, striving for one thing, life, vitality, more vitality : to get into himself more and more of the gleaming vitality of the cosmos. That is the treasure. The active religious idea was that man, by vivid attention and subtlety and exerting all his strength, could draw more life into himself, more life, more and more glistening vitality, till he became shining like the morning, blazing like a god.”

(D.H. Lawrence, Etruscan Places).  And that is precisely what Julia and the Free Traders each seem to be searching for — godhood, not as an expression of power, but of a “larger, richer, more satisfying life”.

But if there is one thing that the religious sages and mystics agree on, it is this: that this “more”, this “other”, has to meet us half way.  As Heidegger famously said in his Der Spiegel interview:

“Philosophy is not able to effect a transformation of the world.  This is not only true of philosophy, but of all human thought and endeavor. Only a god can save us. The sole possibility that is left for us is to prepare a readiness, through thought and poetic creation for the appearance of the god.”

And this, I think, is what separates religion from profane magic.  Like technology, profane magic is a function of an isolated subject exerting his or her will on an objective, inert world.  But religion, as the etymology of the word implies, is a relation between two subjects, Buber’s “I-Thou”.  And this why the Free Traders’ search takes the religious turn.  It is not more power that they want — it is more life.

I recently attended a lecture of the Central Indiana Friends of Jung society given by Donnamarie Flanagan entitled “Keep the Longing Alive and the Transcendent Function Will Come”.  The transcendent function is Jung’s term for the transformative power of the autonomous psyche to unite opposites (a conscious thesis and an unconscious antithesis) through the creation of a new symbol (synthesis).  It can be likened to the Christian Holy Ghost.  It is through the transcendent function that the process of individuation (becoming a whole person) is effected.  Flanagan writes in the handout she gave us:

“The longing that can be named is not the deep longing of the soul.  It is often imagined as a profound homesickness, but where is home?  No more than we can name the object of our longing, can we achieve it by effort.  The best we can do its wait for the transcendent function’s work of grace to provide the linking symbol.  Yet, the symbol itself points beyond itself toward mysterium.”

In Jungian terms, the sense of longing that we feel is the “religious function” of the psyche.  It is a longing for reunification with the Self — Jung’s God-concept — which is often symbolized by the Mother archetype.  She represents

“homecoming, shelter, and the long silence from which everything begins and in which everything ends. Intimately known and yet strange like Nature, lovingly tender and yet cruel like fate, joyous and untiring giver of life-mater dolorosa and mute implacable portal that closes upon the dead.”

(CW 9, P 172).  She is Rilke’s “great homesickness” that we can never shake off.  This is what the Free Traders (at least Julia and Pouncy) long for, and this is, I think, why their quest becomes a religious one.

We try to kill this longing in numerous ways, with food, alcohol, television, and myriad other distractions and obsessions.  But, according to Flanagan, we must keep this sense of longing alive.  While we cannot unilaterally effect the reunification that we desire, which can only happen by the mysterious grace of the autonomous psyche, we need to consciously create and hold a space where this transformation can happen.  This is what I think Heidegger meant when he spoke (above) about “preparing a readiness”.

This can be one function of ritual, of prayer, and of a kind of sacred magic.  The purpose of this kind of prayer would not be to satisfy our wants, but to actually draw out our most fundamental longing.  “Give us this day our daily hunger,” should be our daily prayer, says Flanagan (quoting Gaston Bachlard).  And this can also be the purpose of a different kind of magic from the profane magic that Quentin learns a Brakebills and Julia learns through the magical underground.  It is not magic as technology, but magic as an encounter with that “other”, that “more”, which gives life its vitality and its sense of meaningfulness.  It is a magic which cannot be forced.  It is a magic which happens in the place where longing and grace intersect.